Jordan: a haven for refugees
Successive waves of asylum and immigration to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and their effects during 100 years
Anas " Mohamed Ramadan " Ahmed Al-Sobeh
Alaa Muhammad Qudah
Azzam Ibrahim Al-Azzam
Muhammad Musa Al-Rabaya
Center for the Studies of Refugees, Displaced Persons and Forced Migration - Yarmouk University
Summary:
This study aims to assess the demographic, economic, social and health impacts coinciding with the centenary of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Since its inception during the reign of the founding King Abdullah I (may God have mercy on him) , Jordan has been a destination for everyone who desires security and tranquility. Throughout its long history, it has witnessed many successive waves of asylum borne with all its consequences. Economic, social and security, based on our Arab Hashemite principles and values, which the Hashemites have always affirmed by standing with everyone who seeks asylum, as the Jordanian Higher Population Council affirmed.
Overall, Jordan remains the second largest refugee-hosting country per capita worldwide, with 1 refugee out of 15 citizens. Overall, there are approximately 747,602 refugees of 57 different nationalities, according to a May 2020 UNHCR report in the face of the scale of the Syrian refugee crisis, humanitarian actors and the Jordanian government have undertaken a significant international response since 2011 to meet the critical needs of 657, 287 Syrian refugees inside and outside the camps. However, refugees and asylum seekers of other nationalities also form an integral part of the Jordanian refugee population. Represent other groups of refugees, totaling more than 90, 500 individuals, a major humanitarian challenge and have the needs and dynamics of protection and assistance differ from those of larger populated Syrians. As of May 2020, the number of registered with the UNHCR 67, 088 Iraqis; 14, 789 Yemenis; 6077 Sudanese; 746 Somalis; And 1, 615 of other nationalities in Jordan.
And successive waves of asylum to Jordan since its independence in 1946, flowing to its lands - by virtue of the circumstances of the neighboring countries and their strategic location - that force them to do so. It started with the Palestinian brothers who left their homeland in the year 48 of the last century with about 400,000 refugees in the hope of a quick return, where camps were set up for them. temporary " later turned into authentic neighborhoods within the cities , and in the era of his Majesty the late King Hussein of Albany ( may Allah have mercy on him ) extended the second wave that accompanied the war of June / June of 1967 , were estimated the size of the wave of about 350 thousand displaced people, and the Lebanese in the seventies to expatriates returning from Kuwait The number of refugees after the Gulf War in 1990 amounted to about 220,000 , as shown by the results of the general population and housing census in 1994. During the reign of the strengthened King Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein, may God protect him, the waves of Syrian refugee migrations continued, as their number reached about one million and 300 thousand refugees, according to the results The General Population and Housing Census in 2015, about 700,000 of them registered with the High Commissioner for Refugees. The census also showed that Syrians constitute about 13.3% of the total population, and 89% of them reside in Jordanian cities and villages and 11% in refugee camps. The following graphic shows the distribution of refugees in Jordan based on nationality.
The importance of the study:
The issue of asylum and successive immigration to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan occupies a great and increasing importance, especially in recent years due to the increasing number of refugees and their spread in various cities and villages of the Kingdom. Material and moral aid without the help of donor countries and international organizations must bear a share of the burden resulting from harboring these arrivals.
Study objective:
The study aims to assess the consequences of the successive waves of asylum and migration on the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and their impact during 100 years and present the lessons learned and the demographic, economic, social and health effects by collecting information with all international bodies from countries and donor organizations for the necessity of supporting local and international institutions operating in Jordan and standing by the Jordanian economy to mitigate Among the successive consequences of asylum, the waves of asylum have affected the Jordanian society in terms of economic growth rates due to the decline in this economy, debt and unemployment rates, except for the negative effects on infrastructure with public services such as education, health, water and sanitation, which increased pressure on the state’s public budgets. Hence it was necessary to recommend the need to increase the voltage and communicate with all Arab and international agencies and donor organizations to stand by the Jordanian economy and support agency (UNRWA) to help Jordan to bear the consequences of successive asylum .
